[Extremo]

This is usually why things like database normalisation have been applied and used in computer science.

Here are a few interesting reads on that subject in case you are interested. They should also answer your questions.

Introduction to Normalization

These are the rules applied to the database usually:

Rules of Normalization

Stackoverflow, simply because without it this would be an incomplete answer:

StackOverflow Topic

Another tutorial that might suit your needs:

Database normalization in four quick and easy steps


What this should do is split up your queries and probably even make sure you don't have to save some data that rarely changes because it's part of a different system etcetera. This should give you a general idea on how to optimize your queries and databases, but I am sure you can also find other elegant solutions.